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Histone acetylation is one of the most important reactions of post-translational modification of histones, which plays an important role in the regulation of epigenetic processes. Histone deacetylase 2 as a member of type I histone deacetylases,involved in the catalytic regulation of histone and a variety of non-histone deacetylation,regulates a variety of life processes. This paper summarizes the basic structure of histone deacetylase 2 and the role of histone deacetylase 2 in various diseases,and provides a theoretical basis for conducting related studies.
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Objective To discuss different performance of DR and CT examination on secondary pulmonary tuberculosis,to improve the clinical guidance value of CT in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The image data of 52 cases with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by pathology were collected, including chest DR radiography and CT scans.The different image characteristics of two kinds of imaging examination were analyzed and compared.Results In 52 cases of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis,chest X -ray plain film found lesions calcification in 3 cases,2 cases of bronchiectasis,pleural thickening and adhesion in 12 cases,pleural effusion in 1 case,empty cavity in 4 cases,emphysema in 1 case,the lung nodules in 5 cases.Chest CT revealed lesions calcification in 9 cases,16 cases of bronchiectasis,pleural thickening and adhesion in 40 cases,pleural effu-sion in 4 cases,empty cavity in 10 cases,emphysema in 8 cases,the lung nodules in 10 cases,6 cases of pulmonary bullae,pulmonary interstitial change:4 cases of lung reticulocyte shadows,interlobular septal thickening in 4 cases, ground glass sample density in 4 cases.Conclusion DR and CT can be used for inspection of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis,but CT is a better tool,it has important guiding role for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Objective Mongolian gerbil can make themself urine concentration for saving water and adapt to the harsh desert environment, due to their very unique moisture control system in the body.Methods Mongolian gerbil is resistant to drought on account of their special kidney. Histology of the kidney, ureter and bladder in Meriones Unguiculataus were observed by light microscopy using HE staining.Results The results showed that compared with rats and mice, the Mongolian gerbils have more developed distal tubules, and well developed inner renal medulla.Conclusions We hope that the findings of this study enrich our understanding of the histology of urinary system in Mongolian gerbils and provide support for the laboratory animalization of this animal.
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Prion diseases are infectious and fatal neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenic agent is an abnormal prion protein aggregate. Microglial activation in the centre nervous system is a characteristic feature of prion disease. In this study, we examined the effect of PrP 106-126 on PrP mRNA gene expression in Mouse microglia cells BV-2 by real-time quantitative PCR. PrP mRNA expression level was found to be significantly increased after 18 h exposure of BV-2 cells to PrP 106-126, with 3-fold increase after 18 h and 4.5-fold increase after 24 h and BV-2 cells proliferating occurred correspondingly. Our results provide the first in vitro evidence of the increase of PrP mRNA levels in microglial cells exposed to PrP 106-126, and indicate that microglial cells might play a critical role in prion pathogenesis.
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MUC4,a member of transmembrane matin family,is expressed in many kinds of tissues,organs and secretions.In addition,aberrant expression of MUC4 has been reported in a variety of carcinomas.MUC4 is a kind of multi-function proteins,and is related to the growth,invasion and metastasis of tumors.All of these features of MUG4 strongly support its role as a potential candidate for diagnosis and therapy of carcinoma.
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Objective To construct the recombinant plasmid carrying small interfering RNA(siRNA) to CXCR4 and observe dumbness effect of chemokine receptor gene CXCR4 suppression by RNA interference(RNAi),and explore the new method of more efficacious therapeutic possibilities for HIV-1.Methods Small interfering RNAs targeting CXCR4 gene were designed by using software.The complement form was obtained by annealing and interted into vector Psilencer3.1-H1neo.After sequencing,MT4 cells were transfected using the plasmid vector.RT-PCR and flow cytometry detection were used to evaluate the suppression of CXCX4 expression in different groups.Results The recombinant plasmid had the correct special fragments and DNA sequence detected by PCR,electrophoresis and DNA sequencing;The siRNA obviously suppressed the expression of CXCR4.When transfected with plasmid vector for 48 h,the inhibitory rate was 70%,compared with control and negative groups,there were significant differences(P
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Pathological characterizations of the central nervous system (CNS) of dogs with acute canine distemper were the demyelination in white matter and the formation of inclusion body in astrocytes. In order to further observe the features of primary brain lesions and inclusion body induced by Canine distemper virus (CDV) and investigate the reliant clinical neurological signs on brain lesions 10 dogs with acute canine distemper were detected in detail. To detect the lesions carefully the brain tissue was divided into three portions and eleven slices, that is cerebrum (five slices), cerebral stem (four slices) and cerebellum (two slices) according to anatomical location; stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), luxol fast blue (LFB) and Immunohistochemical assay. The results revealed that the specific demyelination and mild lesions was widespread in cerebra tissue and severe demyelination was encircling or near the third ventricle in the brain stem. Base on mild or moderate diffuse demyelination the severe multifoci lesions occurred in cerebella. In the demyelinating areas vacuolation and spongy appearance were obvious, glial cells were a few and no inflammatory reactions were displayed. The demyelinating lesions were non-symmetric appearance and no special affinity for particular traces. The more eosinophilic intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in ependymal cells of lateral and the third ventricle and astrocytes that were often near the ventricles. With anti-CDV antigen assay, the ependymal cells with inclusion bodies showed an intensive positive reaction. Some of pyramidal cells, nervous nucleus cells and Purkinje cells were degeneration and cytolysis, or shrunken with pyknotic nucleus,especially in small pyramidal cells. According to this experiment it was considered that the primary brain lesions induced by CDV were a demyelinating encephalopathy, but not encephalitis. The inclusion bodies located in ependymal cells were a important evidence for determination of canine distemper in brain tissues. The brain lesions induced by CDV were non-specific injury about neuron and nervous nuclei, so that manifested the different neutrological signs.
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Objective To investigate the effect of immunosuppressive drugs on the activity of pancreatic islet cells, and to explore their role in islet allotransplantation. Method Human pancreatic islet cells were isolated and purified in vitro, and their activity was determined by MTT assay after incubation with immunosuppressive drugs in different concentrations. Results The activity of the islet cells was not reduced after exposure to rapamycin at lower concentrations, although exposure to rapamycin at higher concentrations (≥1ng/ml) was associated with a significant inhibition of activity. No reduction of islet cell activity was observed after exposure to daclizumab and FTY720, at either lower or higher concentrations. Conclusion Rapamycin acts to damage islet cells directly, and the degree of the damage was concentration-dependent. No obvious toxicity to the islet cells was observed after exposure to daclizumab and FTY720.
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Objective To explore the diagnostic value of CT cerebral perfusion imaging on the brain injury of the high +Gx in Rhesus. Methods Seven healthy male adult Rhesus were randomly divided into control group and +15 Gx group. The +15 Gx group underwent parabolic G curve in animal centrifuge. The animals were all examined by CT cerebral perfusion before +Gx exposure, 2 h, 24 h, and 1 week after ~+Gx exposure. The results were compared with pathologic examination. Results 2 h and 24 h after +15 Gx exposure, brain ischemia was showed on CT cerebral perfusion imaging. After 1 week, the brain ischemia was almost recovered to normal. Mild ischemic atrophy was observed in pyramidal neurons in cerebral cortex by light microscopy. Electron microscopic observation showed chromatin marginating and mitochondria cristae blurring in pyramidal cells after +Gx overload. Conclusion High G from simulating spaceship emergency return can cause ischemic injuries of the brain in Rhesus, and CT brain perfusion imaging can provide valuable diagnostic information.